Section 1: Defining the Field

The definition of instructional technology has changed throughout its introduction.  The focus of the technology began with using media to present instruction. Examples included educational film, sound recordings, radio broadcasting, and motion pictures with sound. There are still programs that were introduced in earlier years that continue to have a major impact on learning.  For example, Sesame Street is a research-based program that is educational to young children.

Then the focus shifted to using technology as a process.  Next, the emphasis was placed on learning rather than on instruction.  Then, the focus was placed on facilitating learning by using and manipulating technology.  I would define instructional technology as an ever-changing process that should be used alongside instruction by the teacher.  The focus needs to be placed on instruction and technology should drive the instruction.

The six characteristics of instructional design include the following:

• Learner-centered
• Goal-oriented
• Focus on meaningful performance
• Outcomes can be measured in a reliable and valid way
• Empirical, iterative, and self-correcting
• Team effort

Being an elementary school teacher for nine years, I have seen instructional technology change drastically.  When I began teaching, I used the overhead projector to teach my lessons.  Now, I incorporate technology into every lesson I teach.  From interactive SMART Board lessons to video clips to music, my students experience technology daily.  There are other teachers that are afraid of this technology and refuse to use it.  It frustrates me that this plethora of knowledge is being wasted, and that students are being deprived of all the opportunities available for them.  Although I am still having difficulty with our school filter, I have found ways to work around the obstacles I face for access to this technology.